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SYSDBA vs SYSOPER Privileges

SYSDBA vs SYSOPER

According to Oracle documentation about administrative accounts and privileges, I compared their privileges between SYSDBA and SYSOPER as below:

Allowed Actions SYSDBA SYSOPER
Perform STARTUP and SHUTDOWN operations
ALTER DATABASE: open, mount, back up, or change character set Only open, mount and back up
CREATE DATABASE
DROP DATABASE
CREATE SPFILE
ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER Only complete recovery
Includes the RESTRICTED SESSION privilege

Please note that, SYSDBA and SYSOPER are system privileges, not roles.

Now I have a question for you: Do you know who has SYSDBA or SYSOPER privilege in the database?

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